Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been a prevailing technique for tackling various analysis tasks on graph data. A key premise for the remarkable performance of GNNs relies on complete and trustworthy initial graph descriptions (i.e., node features and graph structure), which is often not satisfied since real-world graphs are often incomplete due to various unavoidable factors. In particular, GNNs face greater challenges when both node features and graph structure are incomplete at the same time. The existing methods either focus on feature completion or structure completion. They usually rely on the matching relationship between features and structure, or employ joint learning of node representation and feature (or structure) completion in the hope of achieving mutual benefit. However, recent studies confirm that the mutual interference between features and structure leads to the degradation of GNN performance. When both features and structure are incomplete, the mismatch between features and structure caused by the missing randomness exacerbates the interference between the two, which may trigger incorrect completions that negatively affect node representation. To this end, in this paper we propose a general GNN framework based on teacher-student distillation to improve the performance of GNNs on incomplete graphs, namely T2-GNN. To avoid the interference between features and structure, we separately design feature-level and structure-level teacher models to provide targeted guidance for student model (base GNNs, such as GCN) through distillation. Then we design two personalized methods to obtain well-trained feature and structure teachers. To ensure that the knowledge of the teacher model is comprehensively and effectively distilled to the student model, we further propose a dual distillation mode to enable the student to acquire as much expert knowledge as possible.

Dialogue models are able to generate coherent and fluent responses, but they can still be challenging to control and may produce non-engaging, unsafe results. This unpredictability diminishes user trust and can hinder the use of the models in the real world. To address this, we introduce DialGuide, a novel framework for controlling dialogue model behavior using natural language rules, or guidelines. These guidelines provide information about the context they are applicable to and what should be included in the response, allowing the models to generate responses that are more closely aligned with the developer's expectations and intent. We evaluate DialGuide on three tasks in open-domain dialogue response generation: guideline selection, response generation, and response entailment verification. Our dataset contains 10,737 positive and 15,467 negative dialogue context-response-guideline triplets across two domains - chit-chat and safety. We provide baseline models for the tasks and benchmark their performance. We also demonstrate that DialGuide is effective in the dialogue safety domain, producing safe and engaging responses that follow developer guidelines.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

在语言处理的神经方法上的最新进展引发了人们对建立智能开放域聊天机器人的兴趣的复兴。但是，即使是最先进的神经聊天机器人也无法在对话框中每个回合产生令人满意的响应。一个实用的解决方案是为相同上下文生成多个响应候选者，然后执行响应排名/选择以确定哪个候选者是最好的。先前的响应选择中的工作通常使用从现有对话框形成的合成数据来训练响应排名者，通过使用地面真理响应作为单个适当的响应并通过随机选择或使用对抗方法来构建不适当的响应。在这项工作中，我们策划了一个数据集，其中为适当的（正）和不适当（负）手动注释了为相同对话框上下文产生的多个响应发生器的响应。我们认为，这样的培训数据可以更好地匹配实际的用例示例，从而使模型能够有效地对响应进行排名。有了这个新数据集，我们对最先进的响应选择方法进行了系统的评估，并证明，使用多个积极候选者和使用手动验证的硬性负面候选者的两种策略都可以与使用相比，可以带来重大的绩效提高对抗性训练数据，例如，召回@1分别增加了3％和13％。

尽管基于大型神经模型的聊天机器人通常可以在开放域对话中产生流利的响应，但一种显着的错误类型是矛盾或与上述对话转弯的不一致性。以前的工作将机器人响应中的矛盾检测视为类似于自然语言推断的任务，例如检测一对机器人话语之间的矛盾。但是，对话中的话语可能包含共同引用或省略号，并且使用这些话语可能并不总是足以识别矛盾。这项工作旨在通过重写所有机器人话语来恢复前因和省略号来改善矛盾检测。我们策划了一个新的数据集来重写话语，并在其上构建了重写模型。我们从经验上证明，该模型可以产生令人满意的重写，以使机器人说话更加完整。此外，使用重写的话语可以显着提高矛盾的检测性能，例如AUPR和关节准确度得分（检测矛盾以及证据）分别增加6.5％和4.5％（绝对增加）。

基于图形卷积的方法已成功应用于同质图上的表示学习，其中具有相同标签或相似属性的节点往往相互连接。由于这些方法使用的图形卷积网络（GCN）的同义假设，它们不适合异质图，其中具有不同标记或不同属性的节点往往相邻。几种方法试图解决这个异质问题，但是它们没有改变GCN的基本聚合机制，因为它们依靠求和操作员来汇总邻近节点的信息，这隐含地遵守同质假设。在这里，我们介绍了一种新颖的聚合机制，并开发了基于随机步行聚集的图形神经网络（称为RAW-GNN）方法。提出的方法将随机步行策略与图神经网络集成在一起。新方法利用广度优先的随机步行搜索来捕获同质信息和深度优先搜索以收集异性信息。它用基于路径的社区取代了传统社区，并基于经常性神经网络引入了新的基于路径的聚合器。这些设计使RAW-GNN适用于同质图和异质图。广泛的实验结果表明，新方法在各种同质图和异质图上实现了最先进的性能。

垂直联合学习（VFL）引起了很多关注，因为它可以以隐私的方式实现跨核数据合作。虽然大多数在VFL专注于线性和树模型的研究工作，但在VFL中尚未对深层模型（例如，神经网络）进行很好的研究。在本文中，我们专注于Splitnn，这是VFL中著名的神经网络框架，并确定了SplitNN中数据安全性和模型性能之间的权衡。简而言之，SplitNN通过交换梯度和转换数据来训练模型。一方面，SplitNN遭受了模型性能的损失，因为多方使用转换的数据而不是原始数据共同训练模型，并且丢弃了大量的低级特征信息。另一方面，通过在SplitNN中的较低层的汇总（即，数据的转换较小，保留了更低级别的功能）来提高模型性能的天真解决方案，使原始数据易受推理攻击的影响。为了减轻上述权衡，我们在VFL中提出了一个新的神经网络协议，称为安全远射聚合（SFA）。它改变了汇总转换数据并采用可移动掩码以保护原始数据的方式。实验结果表明，具有SFA的网络同时实现了数据安全性和高模型性能。

通常通过过去的选择来告知机器学习中的评估，例如要使用哪些数据集或指标。该标准化可以使用排行榜对平等基础进行比较，但是随着出现更好的替代方案，评估选择变得不佳。这个问题在自然语言生成中尤其相关，该语言需要不断改善的数据集，指标和人类评估以提出确定性的主张。为了使遵循最佳模型评估实践更加容易，我们介绍了GEMV2。新版本的一代，评估和指标基准为数据集，模型和指标开发人员提供了模块化基础架构，以使彼此受益。GEMV2支持40种记录的数据集中51种语言。所有数据集的模型都可以在线评估，我们的交互式数据卡创建和渲染工具使得在Living Benchmark中添加新数据集变得更加容易。

已经证明，提供对话模型，可以使开放域的对话更加丰富和引人入胜。现有模型将知识选择视为单独处理每个句子的句子排名或分类问题，忽略了后台文档中句子之间的内部语义连接。在这项工作中，我们建议自动将背景知识文档转换为文档语义图，然后在此类图上执行知识选择。我们的文档语义图通过使用句子节点来保留句子级信息，并提供句子之间的概念连接。我们共同将多任务学习用于句子级别和概念级知识选择，并表明它改善了句子级别的选择。我们的实验表明，我们的基于语义图的知识选择改进了知识选择任务和Holle的端到端响应生成任务的句子选择基线，并改善了WOW中看不见的主题的概括。

图形神经网络（GNN）在解决图形结构数据（即网络）方面的各种分析任务方面已广受欢迎。典型的gnns及其变体遵循一种消息的方式，该方式通过网络拓扑沿网络拓扑的特征传播过程获得网络表示，然而，它们忽略了许多现实世界网络中存在的丰富文本语义（例如，局部单词序列）。现有的文本丰富网络方法通过主要利用内部信息（例如主题或短语/单词）来整合文本语义，这些信息通常无法全面地挖掘文本语义，从而限制了网络结构和文本语义之间的相互指导。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一个具有外部知识（TEKO）的新型文本富裕的图形神经网络，以充分利用文本丰富的网络中的结构和文本信息。具体而言，我们首先提出一个灵活的异质语义网络，该网络结合了文档和实体之间的高质量实体和互动。然后，我们介绍两种类型的外部知识，即结构化的三胞胎和非结构化实体描述，以更深入地了解文本语义。我们进一步为构建的异质语义网络设计了互惠卷积机制，使网络结构和文本语义能够相互协作并学习高级网络表示。在四个公共文本丰富的网络以及一个大规模的电子商务搜索数据集上进行了广泛的实验结果，这说明了Teko优于最先进的基线。